What's new in latest version?

Highlights of version 5.10

• Automatic Walk-Forward testing (trading system optimization and validation technique)
  
  
• Floating windows (TRUE multi-monitor charting capability)
  ability to "undock" (or "float") the chart window and move it to separate monitor.
  All layout code is also updated to correctly save and restore multi-monitor chart setups
  http://www.amibroker.com/video/FloatAndLink.html
  
  
• Symbol and Interval linking
  multiple charts can now be linked by symbol and/or by interval using easy-to-use color-coded links
  
  
• AFL Code Profiler - shows code analysis with detailed per-function timing report (AFL Editor: Tools->Code Check & Profile menu)
  
  
• Real-time quote window improvements
  • re-ordering of symbols in the RT quote using drag-and-drop
  • direct type-in symbols into RT quote window
  • ability to separate groups of symbols by inserting empty line
  • faster refresh and multi-stage background color fading on quote change
    
    
• new/improved AFL functions
  • (new) SetBarFillColor
  • (improved) GetCursorXPosition
  • (improved) GetCursorYPosition
  • (improved) GetCursorMouseButtons
  • (improved) SetChartOptions
  • (improved) SetOption
  • (improved) Status
    
    
• Improved speed of backtesting/optimization (up to 2x in some cases as compared to v5.00)
  
  
• improved chart crosshairs - no flicker, work faster and can be switched on/off globally
  
  
• track more foreign markets: now you can define rates for up to 20 currencies (different than base currency) for multiple currency backtesting in the preferences window.
  

• new backtester modes: backtestRegularRaw2 and backtestRegularRaw2Multi
  
  
• new FindSignal method of backtester object
  
  
• 3D optimization chart animation is now smoother (100fps)
  
  
• unlimited nesting of #include and #include_once statements
  
  
• Improved scaling of semi-log charts, MDI tab order saved in the layout, improved bug reporting, high resoltion Vista icon added, other fixes and improvements
  

Highlights of version 5.00

• New Watchlist system featuring:
  • unlimited number of watch lists
  • lists keep original order in which symbols were added (still can be sorted alphabetically on-demand)
  • new AFL function to refer to watch lists by name
    
• Support for AFL Code Wizard - brand new automatic formula creation program for people without any programming experience. For more information about AFL Code wizard see this introductory video: http://www.amibroker.com/video/amiwiz/AFLWiz1.html
  
• AFL engine enhancements
  • new flow control statements: switch /case / break / continue
  • new compound assignment operators: +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, |=
  • new functions: GetPlaybackDateTime(), PopupWindow(), Mersene Twister Random Number Generator mtRandom(), and others
    
• New dedicated memory heap allocators for quotes and trading system signals resulting in ability to run much longer optimizations than ever without getting out-of-memory messages
  
• Two new backtester modes (available using SetBacktestMode function) allowing handling of unfiltered (raw) entry signals
  
• User-definable 5-tier commission schedule in the backtest (Automatic Analysis / Settings)
  
• Chart template sharing
  now you can save the chart as "Chart Template, Complete (*.chart)" that stores all layout AND referenced formulas in SINGLE file that can be sent to your friend and entire chart will be restored on any computer with ease, without need to copy individual formulas.
  
• New-Look charts - divider lines between panes are now single pixel and no borders around charts giving cleaner, larger and more readable chart display and printout
  
• Custom Range Bars (supported in the charts and via TimeFrameSet())
  
• New Low-level graphics interface (23 new AFL functions)
  
• HTML Import in Automatic Analysis
  
• Full screen Anti-Aliasing in 3D optimization chart viewer (beautifully smooth 3D charts and improved readability)
  
• Enhanced Real-Time Quote window display (faster updates, dual-color change marks)
  
• Control of Time Shift in the ASCII importer

Highlights of version 4.90:

• new Fundamental data support including
  • automatic download from free Yahoo Finance site
  • access to fundamental data from AFL level
  • new fundamental data fields in the Information window
    
• new Web Research window
  • user-definable sites
  • multiple on-line research windows open simultaneously
  • flexible auto-synchronization options
    
• new Account Manager
  • tracking history of all transactions
  • tracking open position unrealized profit
  • tracking account equity history
  • short and long trades, automatic handling of scaling in/out
  • unlimited number of accounts
  • per-account settings/commissions
    
• new Bar Replay tool - great learning tool, featuring
  • re-playing all symbols' data at once
  • fast scrolling
  • user-definable playback speed and interval
    
• added Text-To-Speech capability via Say() AFL function. Now AmiBroker can speak out loud any text, for example it can say "Buy 100 shares of AAPL at 91". This is controllable from formula level so you can make it to speak depending on market conditions, signals generated from your formula, etc.
  
• added ability to fill indicator background with gradient color - via SetChartBkGradientFill AFL function.
  
• new Fast Fourier Transform function
  
• automatic exploration result sorting from AFL level - via SetSortColumns AFL function.
  
• high-resolution performance timing added via GetPerformanceCounter, per-chart timed refreshes via RequestTimedRefresh
  
• HoldMinDays / EarlyExitDays feature in the backtester
  
• 'Every tick' chart refresh capability added (Professional Edition only)
  
• MDI Tabs added as UI enhancement.
  
• OLE interface enhancements/additions

 

For more information about new features please check USAGE NOTES ON NEW FEATURES.

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.10.0 (as compared to 5.09.0)

• Small improvement in axis font positioning - based on TEXTMETRIC
• Removed 1-pixel rendering overlap in multi-colored chart titles when ClearType was enabled
• Hi-Res (256x256) alpha Vista icon
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.09.0 (as compared to 5.08.0)

• MDI Tab order is now saved in the layout
  
• Added interface to BugslayerUtil.dll for optional call stack / symbol dump report in crash recovery window
  Now in the bottom of the crash report there is a detailed call stack and CPU register state. This should allow quicker/easier fixes of any crashes
  
• New fields in Status() function: pxchart*
  
  Status("pxchartleft") - returns x-coordinate of top-left corner of chart area
  Status("pxcharttop") - returns y-coordinate of top-left corner of chart area
  Status("pxchartright") - returns x-coordinate of bottom-right corner of chart area
  Status("pxchartbottom") - returns y-coordinate of bottom-right corner of chart area
  Status("pxchartwidth") - returns width chart area (right-left)
  Status("pxchartheight") - returns width chart area (bottom-top)
  Chart co-ordinates are useful because they automatically take into account selected axis font size, whenever date axis is on or off
  and other settings (New Look chart style)
  All co-ordinates are in screen pixels. Note that top, left coordinates may not be zero as chart rectangle is smaller than underlying window because there is an extra space (padding) around chart.

  
  // Test code:
  Title = StrFormat("left=%g, top=%g, right=%g, bottom=%g, width=%g, height=%g",
left=Status("pxchartleft"),
top=Status("pxcharttop"),
right=Status("pxchartright"),
bottom=Status("pxchartbottom"),
Status("pxchartwidth"),
Status("pxchartheight") );
GfxSetOverlayMode(1);
GfxRectangle(Left,top, right, bottom);

  ============ Overlay sample ================
  _SECTION_BEGIN("GfxOverlaySampleNew");

function GetVisibleBarCount()
{
 lvb = Status("lastvisiblebar");
 fvb = Status("firstvisiblebar");

 return Min( Lvb - fvb, BarCount - fvb );
}

function GfxConvertBarToPixelX( bar )
{
 lvb = Status("lastvisiblebar");
 fvb = Status("firstvisiblebar");
 pxchartleft = Status("pxchartleft");
 pxchartwidth = Status("pxchartwidth");

 return pxchartleft + bar  * pxchartwidth / ( Lvb - fvb + 1 );
}

function GfxConvertValueToPixelY( Value )
{
 local Miny, Maxy, pxchartbottom, pxchartheight;

 Miny = Status("axisminy");
 Maxy = Status("axismaxy");

 pxchartbottom = Status("pxchartbottom");
 pxchartheight = Status("pxchartheight");

 return pxchartbottom - floor( 0.5 + ( Value - Miny ) * pxchartheight/ ( Maxy - Miny ) );
}



Plot(C, "Price", colorBlack, styleHistogram );

GfxSetOverlayMode(0);
GfxSelectSolidBrush( colorRed );
GfxSelectPen( colorRed );

AllVisibleBars = GetVisibleBarCount();
fvb = Status("firstvisiblebar");

for( i = 0; i < AllVisibleBars ; i++ )
{
   x = GfxConvertBarToPixelX( i );
   y = GfxConvertValueToPixelY( C[ i + fvb ] );

  GfxRectangle( x-1, y-1, x + 2, y+1 );
}

//SetChartBkGradientFill( ColorRGB(200,200,200), ColorRGB( 255,255,255) );
_SECTION_END();

  
  

• OLE: Name property is now writable, allowing switchin currently selected symbol for the document
  
  Example (JScript):
  AB = new ActiveXObject("Broker.Application");
  AB.ActiveDocument.Name = "MSFT"; // change the symbol for current document to "MSFT"
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.08.0 (as compared to 5.07.0)

• Walk-Forward: "Easy" mode divided into two submodes: EOD and Intraday
  Easy EOD mode assumes that you are using EOD data for walk-forward.
  Easy Intraday mode assumes that you are using Intraday data for walk-forward
  The difference is that in EOD mode the END date of previous period and START date of next period are the same - thus avoiding gap
  between periods. Intraday mode set START date of the next period as NEXT DAY after END of previous period. That guarantees
  that boundary day is not counted twice when testing on intraday data.
  
• SetOption("GenerateReport", value )
  New option added to SetOption call
  " GenerateReport" - 0/1/2
  By default backtest reports are generated ONLY for portfolio backtests and for individual backtests if individual reporting is turned on in the settings. Reports are disabled for optimization.
  Now with the SetOption() function you can either supress report generation for backtests or enable report generation during certain optimization steps, all from code level.
  SetOption("GenerateReport", 0 ); // suppress generation of report
  SetOption("GenerateReport", 1 ); // force generation of full report
  SetOption("GenerateReport", 2 ); // only one-line report is generated (in results.rlst file) viewable as single line in Report Explorer
  
• Total chart redraw time is calculated properly if multiple documents and charts are open that results in smoother performance and no update lockup
• When custom color palette is changed, any old RGB color that is not present in changed palette is matched to closest "standard" color
• Bugfix: when crosshair was enabled and moved OUTSIDE chart windows, then CPU usage was high. Now it is fixed
• Walk-Forward: when starting date is the last day of the month and step is n-month then it is treated as special case
  AmiBroker now detects that start day is the last day of the month and moves the window to the last day of NEXT month, even if it is shorter.
  That addresses the problem when one starts with January 31 and wants to step by one month - > since there is NO February 31, previous version
  moved to March 3rd. Now it detects that it is last day of the month and moves to Feb 28 (or 29). Then in next step it will move to March 31.
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.07.0 (as compared to 5.06.0)

• a bugfix in 5.06 affected Foreign() function so it did not load the data on very first access - now fixed. This fixes also huge drawdown numbers that occurred on open positions at the end of trade list if cache size was small
• AFL: SetChartOptions has now 2 more parameters that allow to set custom scaling
  SetChartOptions( Mode = 0, Flags = 0, gridFlags = chartGridMiddle, ymin = 0, ymax = 0 )
  new ymin, ymax parameters specify Y-axis minimum and maximum values for custom scaling.
  If you specify any values that meet the condition ymin < ymax, AmiBroker will turn OFF automatic scaling and use specified min/max values
  for Y scale. Note that Mode argument controls when these settings are applied (0 - only when new chart is created, 1 - always), when modes 2 and 3 are used - scaling is not changed.
• bugfix: in 5.06.0 deleting the very first symbol raised exception, now it is fixed
• bugfix: rarely when trade profits gone to absurd levels (for example if user switched off price checking and used zero as entry price), AmiBroker would crash when generating profit distribution chart, now it is fixed
• Crosshair moves way faster and flicker is practically eliminated
• Crosshair state is global now and saved between sessions
• Crosshair works now in floating windows and in inactive windows too
• IS, OOS, BEST equity tickers are now put into group 253 and market 253 (composites)
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.06.0 (as compared to 5.05.1)

• Walk Forward: now you can select "trading days" instead of calendar days as step unit. Currently it is using simplified method: Mon-Fri as a trading days
• Walk Forward settings: fixed lockup (due to infinite loop) when step was set to zero, also added other checks for invalid entries
• RT Quote window: now symbols can be re-arranged by drag-and-drop (simply click on the symbol, hold and drag to re-arrange order)
• RT Quote window: faster refreshes and multi-step color fading
• RT Quote window: added ability to type-in multiple symbols directly (instead of selecting one by one or via existing watch list)
• RT Quote window: added ability to insert EMPTY line (to separate symbol groups)
• Preferences / Currencies: now you can define upto 20 currencies for multiple-currency backtesting
• New FindSignal function in Backtester object (custom backtester procedure) allowing fast lookups for signals matching given symbol
  bo = GetBacktesterObject();
  bo.FindSignal( bar, symbol, type )

  where
  bar is a bar number
  symbol is ticker symbol
  type represents type of signal to find: 0 - both entries and exits, 1 - only entries, 2 - only exits

  The function finds for first matching signal that has fPrice != -1 (different than -1). If 0 is used as type, and entry and exit is on the same bar then entry signal will be returned. Note: fPrice = -1 is a special marker meaning that given signal should be ignored.

• Internal symbol pointers stay the same when new symbols are added or deleted. This addresses exceptions when using AddToComposite during backtests among other things
  This fixes: FC#1101, exceptions when using AddToComposite inside CBT and exceptions occuring sometimes with COM when adding / removing symbols
• Floating panes are now "sticky" that makes it easier to arrange the workspace
• Charts: ability to hide vertical quote marker
  The control over vertical quote marker is given now via
  Parameter dialog -> Axes & Grid -> Vert. quote marker: Show/Hide

  And programmatically via SetChartOptions function:
  SetChartOptions( 2, chartHideQuoteMarker );
  

• Bugfix: when "pad and align" was used in AA and reference symbol did not have all trading days, the data used for very first symbol in the watch list under test could have been unaligned for the very first AA run, subsequent runs were OK)
• Alert Output column sizes / layout are now preserved between sessions
• Added two new backtest modes: backtestRegularRaw2 and backtestRegularRaw2Multi that do not remove excess EXIT signals
  The common thing between Raw and Raw2 modes is that they both do NOT remove excess ENTRY signals.
  The difference is that Raw modes remove excess EXIT signals, while Raw2 do NOT.
  In Raw2 modes all exit signals (even redundant ones) are passed
  to second phase of backtest just in case that you want implement strategy that skips first exit. Lets suppose that you want to exit on some condition from first phase but only in certain hours or after certain numbers of bars in trade or only when portfolio equity condition is met. Now you can do that in raw2 modes.
  Note that Raw2 modes can get significantly slower when you are using custom backtester code that iterates thru signals as there can be zillions of exit signals in the lists even for symbols that never generated any entry signals, therefore it is advised to use it only when absolutely necessary. Raw2 modes are also the most memory consuming.

  Note also that if you run the system WITHOUT custom backtest procedure there should be no difference between Raw and Raw2 modes (other than speed & memory usage) as first matching exit signal is what is used by default.

• 3D chart viewer: process priority is now set to IDLE
• 3D chart viewer: animation is now smoother (upto 100fps vs 25fps)
  
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.05.1 (as compared to 5.05.0)

• Walk Forward AA Settings: added error message when start date > end date
• Walk Forward AA Settings: added "preview" list - showing all IS and OOS segments with dates

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.05.0 (as compared to 5.04.2)

• Walk Forward: "Easy" mode in the settings implemented - it sets "out-of-sample" parameters automatically based on in-sample settings
• GetCursorMouseButtons new flag = 8 - means that current chart just received mouse click
  
  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Low-level graphic + Interactive GUI control sample
// This example shows:
//  1. how to draw "buttons"
//  2. how to handle mouse clicks
//  3. how to implement event call-backs
///////////////////////////////////////////////////

Version( 5.04 ); // requires 5.04 or higher

////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Part 1: DRAWING TABLE OF BUTTONS
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
GfxSetOverlayMode( 2 );
// formatted text output sample via low-level gfx functions

CellHeight = 20;
CellWidth = 100;
GfxSelectFont( "Tahoma", CellHeight/2 );

GfxSetBkMode( 1 );

function PrintInCell( string, row, Col )
{
GfxDrawText( string, Col * CellWidth, row * CellHeight, (Col + 1 ) * CellWidth, (row + 1 ) * CellHeight, 0 );
}

GfxSelectPen( colorBlue );
for( i = 0; i < 10 && i < BarCount; i++ )
{
for( k = 0; k < 5; k++ )
{
   PrintInCell( "Button " + i + "," + k, i, k );
}
GfxMoveTo( 0, i * CellHeight );
GfxLineTo( 5 * CellWidth, i * CellHeight );
}
GfxMoveTo( 0, i * CellHeight );
GfxLineTo( 5 * CellWidth, i * CellHeight );

for( Col = 1; Col < 6; Col++ )
{
GfxMoveTo( Col * CellWidth, 0);
GfxLineTo( Col * CellWidth, 10 * CellHeight );
}


/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Part 2: MOUSE BUTTON CALL BACKS
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Title="";

function DrawButton( px, py, Clr1, Clr2, text )
{
     Col = floor( px / CellWidth );
     Row = floor( py / CellHeight );

   
   GfxGradientRect( Col * CellWidth, row * CellHeight, (Col + 1 ) * CellWidth, (row + 1 ) * CellHeight,
                   Clr1, Clr2 );

     PrintInCell( text + " " + row + "," + Col, row, Col );

}

function OnLMouseButton(x, y, px, py)
{
   _TRACE("LButton x = " + DateTimeToStr( x ) + " y = " + y );

   DrawButton( px, py, ColorHSB( 50, 255, 255 ), ColorHSB( 90, 255, 255 ), "just clicked" );
}

function OnRMouseButton(x, y, px, py)
{
   _TRACE("RButton x = " + DateTimeToStr( x ) + " y = " + y );
}

function OnMMouseButton(x, y, px, py)
{
   _TRACE("MButton x = " + DateTimeToStr( x ) + " y = " + y );
}

function OnHoverMouse(x, y, px, py)
{
   _TRACE("LButton x = " + DateTimeToStr( x ) + " y = " + y );

     DrawButton( px, py, ColorRGB( 230, 230, 230 ), ColorRGB( 255, 255, 255 ), "mouse over" );
}

function OnLButtonIsDown(x, y, px, py)
{
   _TRACE("LButton x = " + DateTimeToStr( x ) + " y = " + y );

     DrawButton( px, py, ColorHSB( 190, 255, 255 ), ColorHSB( 210, 255, 255 ), "down" );
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Part 3: GENERAL PURPOSE EVENT HANDLER (reusable! - may be put into "include" file)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

function EventHandler()
{
local b, x, y, px, py;
b = GetCursorMouseButtons();

// retrieve co-ordinates in date/value units
x = GetCursorXPosition(0);
y = GetCursorYPosition(0);

// retrieve co-ordinates in pixel units
px = GetCursorXPosition(1);
py = GetCursorYPosition(1);

if( b & 8 ) // flag = 8 is set when window just received mouse click
{
   // not-null means clicked in THIS (current) window
   if( b & 1 ) OnLMouseButton( x, y, px, py );
   if( b & 2 ) OnRMouseButton( x, y, px, py );
   if( b & 4 ) OnMMouseButton( x, y, px, py );
}
else
{
  if( b == 0 ) OnHoverMouse( x, y, px, py ); // no button pressed
  if( b == 1 ) OnLButtonIsDown( x, y, px, py ); // button pressed
}
}

EventHandler();
RequestTimedRefresh( 1 );

  
• GetCursorXPosition/GetCursorYPosition return non-null values when mouse is over the current chart regardless if it was clicked or not
• BUGFIX: trend line sometimes moved to the right edge when drawing/moving them while two charts were opened in different periods
• Selector line is not drawn (does not blink) when GfxOverlayMode is set to 2
• Walk Forward document can now be closed and/or hidden during WF (it is not re-opened constantly)
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.04.2 (as compared to 5.04.1)

• New log scale (5.04.1) was not working nicely for small dynamic range charts - chart looked compressed. Fixed now.
• Chart Periodicity on MDI tab is now updated when switching
• Trendlines work fine with thick and dotted styles again (broken in 5.04)
• AFL: GetCursorXPosition/GetCursorYPosition functions changed
  1. The functions now by default return NULL (empty value) if mouse is OUTSIDE the current window

  2. New "mode" parameter controls what values are returned

  GetCursorXPosition( mode = 0 )
  GetCursorYPosition( mode = 0 )

  mode = -1 - (old compatibility mode) - x - value gives X-coordinate in DateTime format. y - value gives PRICE. Values are reported no matter where is the mouse (i.e. may refer to window different than current if mouse is outside current window).
  mode = 0 - (default) x - value gives X-coordinate in DateTime format. y - value gives PRICE. Returns NULL if mouse is outside current window
  mode = 1 - x, y - are mouse coordinates expressed in screen PIXELS. Returns NULL if mouse is outside current window
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.04.1 (as compared to 5.04.0)

• WF: Settings "Optimization target" combo box shows all built-in fields now
• WF: now combined in-sample and out-sample equities are available by ~~~ISEQUITY and ~~~OSEQUITY composite tickers
  (consecutive periods of IS and OOS are concatenated and scaled to maintain continuity of equity line - this approach assumes that you generally speaking are compounding profits)
  To display IS and OOS equity you may use for example this:
  PlotForeign("~~~ISEQUITY","In-Sample Equity", colorRed, styleLine);
PlotForeign("~~~OSEQUITY","Out-Of-Sample Equity", colorGreen, styleLine);
Title = "{{NAME}} - {{INTERVAL}} {{DATE}} {{VALUES}}";
  
• WF: in-sample best uses "first best" result consistenly instead of quicksort (that did not prevent original order)
• WF: the output window is re-open when user closes it during Walk Forward optimization
• Log chart scaling enhanced to handle nicely extreme dynamic range
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.04.0 (as compared to 5.03.0)

• AFL Formula Editor: Copy-paste does not "eat" last character
• AFL Formula Editor: Edit->Prettify Selection function added
• Calling Activate() method of Window object does not maximize MDI window any more
• Print Preview works fine now with floating windows
• Walk-Forward Optimization implemented (v1)
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.03.0 (as compared to 5.02.2)

• Fixed: Pane/Template options do not work on floating window
• Added: Interval linking
• New linking settings are now saved in layouts and restored properly
• (re-)added: Cursor linking - selector line moves together in symbol and/or linked charts
• Removed File->New->Linked chart (new linking replaces this functionality)
• Fixed: Layouts with old-style linked charts are now automatically converted into new scheme when loading layout
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.02.2 (as compared to 5.02.1)

• fixed problem with c-like multi-line comments /* */ that appeared in 5.02.1 beta

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.02.1 (as compared to 5.01.1)

• Implemented Unlimited nesting of #include and #include_once
• True multi-monitor support. Chart windows can now be floated (outside main application frame) and moved to different monitors
• Implemented new way of symbol-linking of charts (the button next to scrollbar allows to choose linked group (1-9))
• Fixed crash when attempting to backtest on empty watch list (bug introduced in 5.01)
• AFL: SetBarFillColor( colorarray ) allows to independently control candlestick, bar, cloud, and area chart fill color
• OLE: when Broker.Application reference count drops to zero and AB was not running prior to CreateObject() then the AB is closed
• Implemented workaround to Windows XP list view drawing bug (MS KB813791)
• Floating pane title is synchronized now (5.02.0 fix)
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.01.1 (as compared to 5.01.0)

• fixed loading of customized toolbars
• toolbar customizations are now stored in Broker.exe-CommandBars51 (number increased) to isolate new betas and old versions

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.01.0 (as compared to 5.00.0)

• Tweaks in backtester for improved performance
  Portfolio backtester on average 2x faster for both multiple and single-security tests (some trivial, frequently trading systems may observe upto 5x speedup on multiple securities during long analysis periods). Note that AFL engine speed has NOT changed as compared to 5.00. Speed increase comes from backtester tweaks alone, so the longer AFL code is the less speed-up you will see, because backtester processing would account for smaller part of overall execution time.
  
• Tweaks in quote handling for improved performance
• Code profiler - shows code analysis with detailed per-function timing report. Available from AFL Editor: Tools->Code Check & Profile menu

CHANGES FOR VERSION 5.00.0 (as compared to 4.99.0)

• Database Purify: Date column type in set correctly now so clicking on column sorts by date instead of by alpha (FC#1130)
• Elapsed/estimated time is updated constantly when running long optimizations (FC#1107)
• Extra characters in the title occuring when using dynamic color with Null values in Plot() statements. Fixed. (FC#1129)
• Fixed saving of new commission table (FC#1122)
• In some cases slider did not allow to reach the upper margin of Param() when step was decimal fraction like 0.1 due to floating point rounding. Now it addressed. (FC#1155)
• Price Chart Style is now saved in a layout/template (FC#1039)
• When Find/Replace dialog is still open while Formula Editor is closed it does not cause exception anymore

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.99.0 (as compared to 4.98.0)

• A warning added when closing the last chart window
• Fixed possible stack overflow when using ASCII importer for files without extension but with . (dot) in a path (directory) name
• TimeFrameMode(3) (range mode) was not functional in 4.98, now it is fixed
• Fixed calculation of profit of leveraged instruments denominated in non-base currency when dynamic fx rate was used
• Private heap allocator implemented for quotes and for trading signals
  This should resolve problem of getting "out of memory" problem that could occur during very long optimizations due to poor handling of virtual memory in Windows.
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.98.0 (as compared to 4.97.0)

• N-tick intervals from View->Intraday menu are enabled again in tick databases (were disabled in 4.97 only)
  
  
• AFL: Status() function: 2 new fields added
  
  " axisminy" - retrieves the minimum (bottom) value of Y axis (indicators only)
  " axismaxy" - retrieves the maximum (top) value of Y axis (indicators only)
  
  Example 1:
  
  Title = "Axis Min Y = " + Status("axisminy") + "Axis Max Y = " + Status("axismaxy");
  
  Example 2:
  
  SetChartOptions( 3, 0, ChartGridMiddle );
axismin = Status("axisminy");
axismax = Status("axismaxy");

Plot( C, "Price", colorBlack, styleBar );

// draw exactly 5 grid lines
for( i = 0; i < 5; i++ )
{
  y = axismin + i * (axismax - axismin)/4;
  PlotGrid( y, colorRed );
}

  
• HTML export / import now store extra information about the kind of file exported so when you export optimization result and re-import it later you will be able to use optimization graph (FC#: 1029)
  
  
• HTML import: sometimes when importing large files duplicate rows appeared at the end - now it is fixed (FC#1024)
  
  
• Fixed formatting of numeric values above 100000 after HTML import when comma used as thousands separator (FC#: 1029)
  
  
• Added protection against using file-system reserved characters (*?#:|></"\) in watch list names
  
  
• Implemented 5-tier commission schedule table in backtester (AA->Settings: Commission table : DEFINE...) (FC#270)
  
  
• Account Manager: commission was not subtracted from equity when scaling-in position that was open in previous amibroker run, now it is fixed
  
  
• Fixed problem with "Use only local database for this symbol" being set to "yes" during loading of the database with absent broker.master file
  
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.97.0 (as compared to 4.96.0)

• Range Bar compression implemented now (FC#: 210, 1041,897,284)
  
  Range Bars are price-driven bars, with each bar having a required minimum high-low range. Source data are consolidated into one bar until the range requirement is reached, then a new bar is started. It works best with tick data that have only one price per data point. You can use it with other base time intervals as well, but please note that if single source bar H-L range exceedes desired range, the output will be single bar that has range higher than requested. In other words source bars exceeding desired range won't be splitted into several range bars. For example if you use 1 minute bars and there is $3 dollar movement and you have selected $1 range bars it won't be splitted into 3 bars. Instead you will get single bar with original $3 range.This is so because AB has no idea what happened *inside* the bar. Prices could move first downwards and later upwards or opposite or zigzaging several times or making any other pattern inside bar and this information is not available from source bar that only has OHLC prices. Note that range bar compression is not standarised. Some other softwares may attempt to split to several artificial bars when range is exceeded, but we belive it is wrong since it is based on assumptions about price action inside bar that may and usually are wrong.
  
  Range bars can now be selected as custom compression from Tools->Preferences->IntradayRange bars are also available via TimeFrameMode() function
  
  TimeFrameMode( 3 ); // turn on range bars
TimeFrameSet( 1.5 ); // set compression to 1.5$ range bar
  
  
• Mersene Twister MT19937 random number generator added
  Two new AFL functions:
  
  mtRandom( seed = Null ) - returns single random number (scalar) in the range [0,1)
  mtRandomA( seed = Null ) - returns array of random numbers in the range of [0,1)
  
  seed is random generator seed value. If you don't specify one, the random number generator
  is automatically initialized with current time as a seed that guarantees unique sequence
  
  Both functions use Mersene Twister mt19973ar-cok algorithm.
  (Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura.)
  
  Mersene Twister is vastly superior to C-runtime pseudo-random generator
  available via Random() function.
  
  It has a period of 219973 = approx 2.9*106012 For more information visit:
  http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/emt.html
  
  See also:
  M. Matsumoto and T. Nishimura, "Mersenne Twister: A 623-Dimensionally Equidistributed Uniform Pseudo-Random Number Generator", ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1998, pp 3--30.
  
  
• AFL: PopupWindow() function added (FC#: 840)
  SYNTAX:
  PopupWindow( bodytext, captiontext, timeout = 5, left = -1, top = -1 );
  
  bodytext - the string containing the text of the window body
  caption - the string containing the text of window caption
  timeout - auto-close time in seconds (default 5 seconds)
  left - top-left corner X co-ordinate (default = -1 -means auto-center)
  top - top-left corner Y co-ordinate (default = -1 - means auto-center)
  
  Example code:
  
if( ParamTrigger("Display Popup Window", "Press here" ) )
{
    PopupWindow("Current time is: " + Now(),"Alert", 2, 640*mtRandom(), 480*mtRandom());
}

  
  
• ASCII Importer: $TIMESHIFT option added (FC# 1094)
  Added ability to time-shift data at the time of the import.
  
  $TIMESHIFT shift_in_hours
  
  For example:
  
  $TIMESHIFT 2
  
  will import with date/time stamps shifted 2 hours forward
  
  $TIMESHIFT -11.5
  
  will import with date/time stamps shifted 11 and half hour backward
  
  Please note that only INTRADAY data (with TIME component provided) are shifted. EOD data (without time field) are unaffected.]
  
  
• AFL: GetPlaybackDateTime() (FC#: 837)
  
pt = GetPlaybackDateTime(); // new function to retrieve playback position date/time,
//returns zero if bar replay is NOT active

if( pt )
{
  Title = "Playback time: " + DateTimeToStr( pt );
}
else
{
  Title = "Bar Replay not active";
}

  It returns zero if bar replay is not active.
  
  
• Fixed lockup when bar replay was attempted on base time interval = tick
  
  
• Fixed passing IDispatch parameters to OLE/COM method calls
  
  
• Fixed error message typo in SetCustomBacktestProc (FC: 1085) "exit" vs "exist"
  
  
• 3D optimization chart viewer: added 4x4 Full Screen Anti-Aliasing for beautifully smooth 3D charts and improved readability
  4x4 Full-Screen Anti-Aliasing (FSAA) feature is available only on graphic cards that support this in hardware (all NVidia GeForce cards, and most recent graphic cards that have 3D acceleration). It is not available for low-end graphic cards sometimes found in the cheapest notebooks.
  If FSAA is not supported by the hardware View->Anti-aliasing menu item will be disabled (grayed).
  If FSAA is supported in hardware then it will be turned on by default.
  Note that animation speed with FSAA turned on may be lower on slower graphic cards. If speed is not acceptable you can turn off anti aliasing by unchecking View->Anti-aliasing menu (or turning off "A" button in the toolbar) of 3D chart viewer (O3G.exe).
  
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.96.0 (as compared to 4.95.0)

• HTML Import to AA result list implemented (FC#579)
  Note that this feature is intended to import only HTML files exported by AmiBroker. The HTML parser used is specifically written for this particular purpose and expects certain layout of HTML file. HTML files saved by other programs can not be imported. Use Automatic Analysis -> File -> Import to access this feature.
  
  
• Account manager: added "per-trade" commission setting (FC#: 973)
  
  
• Two new backtester modes that do not remove redundant signals (FC#: 105)
  • RAW MODE: signal-based backtest, redundant (raw) signals are NOT removed, only one position per symbol allowed:
  • RAW MODE WITH MULTIPLE POSITIONS - signal-based backtest, redundant (raw) signals are NOT removed, MULTIPLE positions per symbol will be open if BUY/SHORT signal is "true" for more than one bar and there are free funds, Sell/Cover exit all open positions on given symbol, Scale-In/Out work on all open positions of given symbol at once.
    
    
    
• AFL: new function SetBacktestMode( mode )
  Sets working mode of the backtester:
  
// default, as in 4.90, regular, signal-based backtest, redundant signals are removed
SetBacktestMode( backtestRegular );

// signal-based backtest, redundant (raw) signals are NOT removed, only one position per symbol allowed
SetBacktestMode( backtestRegularRaw );

// signal-based backtest, redundant (raw) signals are NOT removed,
// MULTIPLE positions per symbol will be open if BUY/SHORT signal is "true" for more than one bar and there are free funds
// Sell/Cover exit all open positions on given symbol, Scale-In/Out work on all open positions of given symbol at once.
SetBacktestMode( backtestRegularRawMulti );

// rotational trading mode - equivalent of EnableRotationalTrading() call
SetBacktestMode( backtestRotational );


• AA window: custom draw buttons (with arrows) are redrawn on killfocus event to prevent flickering
  
  
• Fix: when symbol is deleted from database it is removed from all new watchlists as well
  
  
• Attempt to assign value to the element of the array named the same as the function inside the function declaration produces error 33 now instead of crash (FC#: 1011)
  
  
• Clicking RMB->Watchlist->Remove inside watch list node was removing symbol from all watch lists. Now it is fixed.
  
  
• Fixed cell text truncation that could happen randomly when using HTML export
  
  
• Position of compound drawings (retracements/cycles) is updated correctly now when "Properties" dialog was choosen from without selecting the drawing via LMB click
  
  
• Stops were reset to default values (from settings) when custom backtest routine was stored in separate file (not embedded or included in the formula). Now it is fixed

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.95.0 (as compared to 4.94.0)

• Added support for AFL Code Wizard (Analysis->AFL Code Wizard menu and toolbar button)
  
  AFL Code Wizard is a new add-on for AmiBroker. It allows creation of trading system formulas without ANY programming experience. It is available for purchase for $49 one-time fee. Further upgrades are free. AmiBroker comes with trial version that has all functionality *including* export of auto-generated AFL formula to AmiBroker. The only missing feature in trial version of AFL COde wizardis saving the project in .awz format.
  
  To run it select Analysis->AFL Code Wizard menu.
  
  AFL Code Wizard instructional video can be found at: http://www.amibroker.com/video/amiwiz/AFLWiz1.html
  
  
• Symbol Tree->Right click->Watch List->Type In works from any node now (FC#991)
  
  
• Filter window supports more than 256 watchlists (FC#1006)
  
  
• Aliases are properly recognized when adding symbols to new watchlists
  
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.94.0 (as compared to 4.93.0)

• AFL: 23 new low-level graphic functions allowing Windows GDI-like painting
  Completely new low-level graphic AFL interface allows complete flexibility in creating any kind of user-defined display.
  
  The interface mimics closely Windows GDI API, with same names for most functions for easier use for GDI-experienced programmers. The only differences are:
  1. compared to Windows GDI all functions are prefixed with 'Gfx'
  2. pen/brush/font creation/selection is simplified to make it easier to use and you don't need to care about deletion of GDI objects
  3. Three overlay modes are available so you can mix low-level graphics with regular Plot() statements
  (mode = 0 (default) - overlay low-level graphic on top of charts, mode = 1 - overlay charts on top of low-level graphic, mode =2 - draw only low-level graphic (no regular charts/grid/titles/etc))
  
  Low-level graphics tutorial: http://www.amibroker.com/guide/h_lowlevelgfx.html
  
  Available low-level gfx functions (click on the links for detailed explanation):
  GfxMoveTo( x, y ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxmoveto
  GfxLineTo( x, y ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxlineto
  GfxSetPixel( x, y, color ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxsetpixel
  GfxTextOut( "text", x, y ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxtextout
  GfxSelectPen( color, width = 1, penstyle = penSolid ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxselectpen
  GfxSelectSolidBrush( color ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxselectsolidbrush
  GfxSelectFont( "facename", pointsize, weight = fontNormal, italic = False, underline = False, orientation = 0 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxselectfont
  GfxRectangle( x1, y1, x2, y2 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxrectangle
  GfxRoundRect( x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxroundrect
  GfxPie( x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxpie
  GfxEllipse( x1, y1, x2, y2 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxellipse
  GfxCircle( x, y, radius ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxcircle
  GfxChord( x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxchord
  GfxArc( x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxarc
  GfxPolygon( x1, y1, x2, y2, ... ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxpolygon
  GfxPolyline( x1, y1, x2, y2, ... ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxpolyline
  GfxSetTextColor( color ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxsettextcolor
  GfxSetTextAlign( align ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxsettextalign
  GfxSetBkColor( color ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxsetbkcolor
  GfxSetBkMode( bkmode ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxsetbkmode
  GfxGradientRect( x1, y1, x2, y2, fromcolor, tocolor ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxgradientrect
  GfxDrawText( "text", left, top, right, bottom, format = 0 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxdrawtext
  GfxSetOverlayMode( mode = 0 ) http://www.amibroker.com/f?gfxsetoverlaymode
  
  
• AFL: Two new fields in Status() functions: pxwidth and pxheight (
  Status("pxwidth") - gives pixel width of chart window (useful for low level graphics functions that operate on pixels)
  Status("pxheight") - gives pixel height of chart window
  
  
• Better scaling and no more black rectangle on the bottom in images created via Edit->Image->Copy / Export
  
  
• "New Look" charts (switchable via Tools->Preferences "Charting") - give cleaner, larger and more readable chart display and printout
  
  
• Printing/copy-metafile function uses now Enhanced Metafile format that handles clipping regions (styleClipMinMax)
  
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.93.0 (as compared to 4.92.0)

• Fixed exception that maight occur when copying to clipboard very long lines from AA result list
  
  
• CategoryGetName() now returns empty string for non-existing categories instead of some uninitialized (random) string
  
  
• Fixed exception when trying to apply commentary on blank chart pane
  
  
• AFL editor fix: right Alt + z does not trigger 'undo' anymore (allows to enter Polish z (z-dot-above) letter)
  
  
• Fixed exception occuring when Symbol Information was edited at the same time while first auto-analysis was run
  
  
• Fixed bar replay not functioning when viewing interval was the same as base time interval and set to less than 5 minute, mixed mode was off, and no afterhours/weekend filtering was enabled (FC#: 899)
  
  
• Fix: defined FXRate for the very first symbol in the database is used correctly now (FC#: 975)
  
  
• When LoadFormula() method of Analysis object is called parameters are reset now (FC#: 958)
  
  
• Ability to export Chart in "portable" format so you can distribute chart templates to others and they will be restored together with all linked formulas (FC#: 96)
  This feature is available from RIGHT CLICK on chartTemplate->Save...Template->Load...
  menus.
  
  In addition to old local template format a new one is added with .chart extensionthat keeps not only window sizes and formula references (paths) but also formulas themselves,so all you need to do is to save your chart into one file (Chart Template, Complete *.chart)and copy that file onto different computer and chart will be recreated with all formulas linked to it.
  
  To Save chart into new format do the following:
  
  1. Click with RIGHT MOUSE button over the chart and select Template->Save...
  
  2. In the file dialog, "Files of type" combo select "Chart Template, Complete (*.chart)"
  
  3. Type the file name and click Save.
  
  To load previously saved complete chart do the following:
  
  1. Click with RIGHT MOUSE button over the chart and select Template->Load...
  
  2. In the file dialog, select previously saved *.chart file and press "Open"
  
  Note: The procedure AmiBroker does internally is as follows: When you save the chart into new format it saves XML file with:
  
  a) names of all sheets, panes, their sizes, locations and other settings
  b) paths to all formulas used by all panes
  c) the text of formulas themselves
  
  When you load the chart in new format AmiBroker:
  a) sets up the sheets/panes according to information stored in the file
  b) for each formula stored in the file it checks if the same formula exists already on target computer:
  - if it does not exist - it will create one
  - if it exists and the contents is identical to the formula stored in .chart file it will do nothing
  - if it exists and the contents is different then it will create NEW formula filewith _imported.afl suffix (so old file is not touched) and will reference the pane to the _imported.afl formula instead.
  
  IMPORTANT NOTE: if you use any #include files AmiBroker will store the contentsof include files as well inside chart file and will attempt to recreate them on target machine.Please note that in case of includes it will check if it exists and if it is different.If both conditions are met (different file exists already) it will ask to replace or not.If you choose to replace - it will replace and make backup of existing one with .bak extensionIf you are using any files in "standard include files and include them using <> braces, AmiBroker will restore files in target machine standard include folder as well evenif the standard include folder path is different on the source machine).
  
  Note also - that this functionality is a bit experimental and pretty complex internally. There may be some bugs even though it was tested on number of different setups. Feedback is welcome. It is intended to be used to port charts between different computers. For storing layouts/templates on local computer you should rather use old formats as they consume much less space (they store only references,not the formulas themselves). One may however use new format for archiving purposes as itkeeps formulas and all references in one file that is very convenient for backups.

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.92.0 (as compared to 4.91.1)

• Watch list tooltips now show WL ordinal number (index), name and symbol count
  
  
• new menu item "WatchLists->Hide Empty watchlists" allows to show/hide empty watchlists
  Note that when you add new watch list AmiBroker will automatically unhide empty watch lists so you can see newly added list.
  
  
• AFL: Category* functions work fine now with more than 256 watch lists
  
  
• AFL: new function: CategoryFind() allows to search for category by name
  
  SYNTAX: CategoryFind( "name", category )
  RETURNS: number
  FUNCTION: It allows to search for category by name. It takes category name and kind as parameters and returnsINDEX (ordinal number). For example it allows to find watch list index by name:
  
  wlnumber = CategoryFind("MyWatch List 1", categoryWatchlist );
mysymbols = CategoryGetSymbols(categoryWatchlist, wlnumber );
  
  The index (in the above example watch list number) can be later used in functions thatneed the index (like CategoryGetSymbols).
  
  
• AFL: new function: InWatchListName() allows to reference watch list by name
  It is equivalent to InWatchList function except that it takes watch list name as parameter instead of the index.
  
  SYNTAX InWatchListName( "listname" )
  RETURNS NUMBER
  FUNCTION Checks if the stock belongs to a watch list having name of listname. If yes - the function returns 1 otherwise 0.
  EXAMPLE
  
  Filter= InWatchListName( "mywatchlist" ) OR InWatchListName( "mysecondwatchlist" );
  
  Note that this function is a bit slower than InWatchList() function.
  
  
• Fixed Watch List Export - now exports from selected watch lists (not only from watch list number zero)
  
  If you select only one watch list to export then original symbol order is preserved, multiple watch list export uses alphabetical order to prevent duplicates.
  
  
• Fixed Watch List Sorting - now sorts selected watch list (not only watch list number zero)
  
  

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.91.1 (as compared to 4.91.0)

• fixed symbol tree refresh after Watchlist->Import

CHANGES FOR VERSION 4.91.0 (as compared to 4.90.5)

• AA: new options in the context menu "Replace watch list with the results/selected results"
  This new option empties the watch list before adding results. The order of symbols in the result list is preserved in the watch list.
  
  
• Watchlists: context (right click) menu - now there is no WL selection dialog displayed
  If you select the watch list from symbol tree and click with RIGHT mouse button to bring up watch list menu the selected watch list is used automatically and watchlist selector dialog is not displayed.
  
  
• Watchlists: redesign - now there is no limit on number of watch lists you can use
  a) watch lists are now stored as text files inside "Watchlists" folder inside database. The folder contains of any number of .TLS files with watch lists themselves and index.txt that defines the order of watch lists. You can add your own .tls file (one symbol per line) and AmiBroker will update index.txt automatically (adding any new watch lists at the end)The .TLS files can also be open in AmiQuote.

  
  b) watch lists remember the order in which symbols were added, so for example if you sort AA result list in some order and then you"add symbols to watch list" the order will be kept in the watch list.

  
  c) you can now Add/Delete watch lists using Symbol->Watch List-> menu or from watch list context menuNote that if you have done any customization to the menu, you may need to go to Tools->Customize, select "Menu Bar" and press "Reset" button for this new menu items to appear.

  
  d) you can now alphabetically sort the symbols in the watch list

  
  e) all watch lists are shown in the symbol tree now, even if they are empty.

  
  f) for backward compatibility OLE automation WatchListBits/WatchListBits2 properties of Stock object continue to work for first 64 watch lists (bit states are transparently emulated)

  
  g) Watch lists created in 4.91 are not visible for older versions
  
  

• When changing selected symbol, the tree is not traversed to the bottom (root). Instead only current branch is checked and if symbol is selected only if it is present under this branch (This prevents unnecessary unfolding of "All" and other branches)

• AFL Editor: AUTOWORDSELECTION turned off
  

• AFL: switch/case statement added (completed: 2007-03-31) (ext.ID: 580). More information: http://www.amibroker.com/guide/v50/keyword/switch.html
  
  Example:
  
  for( n = 0; n < 10; n++ )
{
printf("Current n = %f\n", n );

switch(n) {
    case 0:
      printf("The number is zero.\n");
      break;
    case 3:
    case 5:
    case 7:
      printf("n is a prime number\n");
      break;
    case 2: printf("n is a prime number\n");
    case 4:
    case 6:
    case 8:
      printf("n is an even number\n");
      break;
    case 1:
    case 9:
      printf("n is a perfect square\n");
      break;
    default:
      printf("Only single-digit numbers are allowed\n");
    break;
   }

  

• AFL: break/continue statements added (supported inside for/while/do-while/switch statements). More information:
  http://www.amibroker.com/guide/v50/keyword/break.html
  http://www.amibroker.com/guide/v50/keyword/continue.html
  
  Example:
  
  for(i = 1; i < 1000; i *= 2 )
{
   if( i > 50 ) break;
   printf("%f\n", i );
}
  

• AFL: new C-like assignment operators +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, |=

  New operators are shortcuts for some common operations.

  x += y; is equivalent to x = x + y;
  x -= y; is equivalent to x = x - y;
  x *= y; is equivalent to x = x * y;
  x /= y; is equivalent to x = x / y;
  x %= y; is equivalent to x = x % y;
  x &= y; is equivalent to x = x & y; // bitwise and
  x |= y; is equivalent to x = x | y; // bitwise or
  

   

• Enanced display in Real Time Quote window (dual-step change coloring - when field changes it is highlighted with bright yellow for 0.25 second then color changes to pale yellow and after a while to default (white) background))
  

CHANGES FOR EARLIER VERSIONS ARE DOCUMENTED IN RELEASE NOTES DOCUMENT THAT YOU CAN FIND IN AMIBROKER INSTALLATION FOLDER.